Water is the foundation of life making it a perfect breeding ground for infection, microbial growth and antibiotic resistant pathogens. Water, also being the foundation for dialysis, plays the most important role for successful patient care. Adverse patient outcomes including outbreaks associated with water exposure in dialysis settings, have resulted from patient exposure to water via a variety of pathways, including improper formulation of dialysate with water containing high levels of chemical or biological contaminants and reprocessing of dialyzers with contaminated water. For the health and safety of patients, it is vital to ensure the water used to perform dialysis is safe and clean.